How Probability Theory Changed Risk, Gambling, and Modern Economics
For most of human history, chance was seen as something mystical, unpredictable, and governed by fate or divine will. Storms, crop failures, sudden wealth, or devastating losses were interpreted as...
The Discovery of Radioactivity: When Matter Was Found to Be Unstable
At the end of the nineteenth century, scientists believed they had nearly finished deciphering the laws of nature. Atoms were thought to be solid, indivisible building blocks, and matter itself was...
Black Holes: When Equations Turned Into Cosmic Evidence
For much of their history, black holes lived in an uncomfortable space between imagination and mathematics. They were not dreamed up by science fiction writers but emerged quietly from equations, a...