The Haber-Bosch Process: How Fixing Nitrogen Feeds Half the Planet
At first glance, nitrogen seems like one of the least interesting elements on Earth. It makes up about 78 percent of the air we breathe, yet for most of human history it was paradoxically scarce in...
Antibiotic Resistance: When Medicine Realized Its Greatest Weapon Could Fail
For much of the twentieth century, antibiotics were treated almost like medical magic. Infections that had killed for centuries suddenly became routine problems, cured with a short course of pills....
Plate Tectonics: How Moving Continents Explained Earth’s Restless Surface
For most of human history, Earth’s surface was assumed to be static. Mountains were thought to rise during biblical floods, continents were believed to have always occupied their current positions,...