The Discovery of Blood Circulation: Correcting a 1,400-Year-Old Medical Error
For much of human history, doctors believed they already understood how blood moved through the body. The confidence was so complete that few felt the need to question it. And yet, for nearly 1,400...
Worlds Beyond Our Sun: How the Discovery of Exoplanets Changed Our Place in the Universe
For most of human history, Earth felt singular. Even after astronomers accepted that the Sun was just one star among billions, planets still seemed like a rare bonus of our own cosmic neighborhood....
How Probability Theory Changed Risk, Gambling, and Modern Economics
For most of human history, chance was seen as something mystical, unpredictable, and governed by fate or divine will. Storms, crop failures, sudden wealth, or devastating losses were interpreted as...